Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - approved and prohibited foods, menu

An urgent problem for a modern person is an allergy. This is a type of response from the body to the action of special substances called allergens. Someone meets them while breathing, while eating or in contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method to treat and prevent it is to diet with a hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for people suffering from allergies, but also for nursing mothers, who can improve the quality of breast milk with the help of such a menu.

What is a hypoallergenic diet

In medicine, an allergy is a condition in which there is an increased sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body perceives harmless substances as antigens. Even with minimal contact with an allergen, a large amount of IgE is produced. Mechanism for the formation of an allergic reaction:

1. After first contact with the allergen, IgE detects immunoglobulin and combines it with mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is complex. It consists of an allergen, IgE, and a tree or basophil.
3. The complex with basophils enters the bloodstream into various organs: skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and with mast cells it remains immobile.
4. After re-entering the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are necessary to combat the irritant.

Histamine with serotonin and cause allergic reactions: smooth muscular spasm and capillary dilation, resulting in thickening of the blood and edema. Because food often causes allergies, diet must be included in the treatment regimen, along with antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to medicines used to raise birds and animals (antibiotics, salicylic acid). The diet is based on the following principles:

• exclusion of products containing trans and causative allergens;
• eat only fresh produce;
• rejection of histaminoliberators - products that cause the gastrointestinal tract to secrete histamine from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• restriction in animal protein diet;
• exclusion of preservatives and products with dyes, preservatives and flavorings;
• restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried foods, spices and salts, alcohol;
• rejection of histamine carriers - foods with a high level of histamines in the composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

For people suffering from allergies, there is a special diet - table number 5 EN (hypoallergenic). It is based on the therapeutic diet No. 5, prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of table number 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is sufficient for the permanent manifestation of allergy manifestations. In the future, the diet is built taking into account the following principles:

• When the symptoms start to diminish, you can switch from antiallergenic foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually expand your diet to foods with moderate allergic activity.
• First, low-fat cooked white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree, compotes are introduced.
• During the diet, foods are cooked or steamed. Frying and baking will increase the allergen content.
• Total nutrition in terms of protein, fat and carbohydrates should be slow.
• Not all new diet products are introduced more than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction, you can leave it in the menu.
• The optimal nutritional option is fractional, in which the number of meals per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products containing easily digestible carbohydrates: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate are strictly prohibited. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not known, then all causative allergens must be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, melons, tomatoes.
• It is important to enrich the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, fermented milk products.
• All dishes containing an allergen product are excluded from the diet menu. For example, if a reaction reveals itself in eggs, then you need to give up creams, mayonnaise, cassettes, rich flour products.

Indications

Dieting is not only effective for food allergies. Special diet helps to reduce the impact of allergens and other groups (medicinal, fungus, pollen, family). On a diet, a person reduces the risk of increasing the clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke's edema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• hives;
• pathologies of the digestive tract, which interfere with the process of nutrient assimilation;
• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hay fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first courses, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. It must be weak, i. e. after 1-2 boil, drain the water. It is allowed to add various garden herbs. From cereals it is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat. Potatoes are allowed as a side dish in the form of mashed potatoes, but cooked in water only. From fermented milk products, you can use low-fat fresh cottage cheese, yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fats, you need to include sunflower or olive oil in the diet. Pasta should only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

Name	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 g, g	Carbohydrates per 100 g, g	Proteins per 100 g, g
Vegetables, herbs
Eggplant	24	0. 1	4. 5	1, 2
Zucchini	24	0. 3	4. 6	0. 6
Cucumbers	15	0. 1	2. 8	0. 8
Cabbage	27	0. 1	0. 1	1. 8
Squash	19	0. 1	4. 3	0. 6
Broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	3. 0
Celery	12	0. 1	2. 1	0. 9
Lentils	284	1. 5	42. 7	24. 0
Garlic	143	0. 5	29. 9	6. 5
Asparagus	fiche	0. 1	3. 1	1. 9
Onion	41	0. 0	10. 4	1. 4
Peas	123	0. 5	21. 5	7. 8
Cereals
Oatmeal	342	6. 1	59. 5	12. 3
Ruán	313	3. 3	62. 1	12. 6
Wheat Brain	296	3. 8	53. 6	15. 1
Semolina	328	1. 0	73. 3	10. 3
Cereals	366	7. 2	69. 3	11. 9
Results
Peaches	46	0. 1	11. 3	0. 9
Nectarines	48	0. 2	11. 8	0. 9
Apples	47	0, 4	9. 8	0, 4
Pears	42	0. 2	10. 9	0, 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0. 1	3. 8	3. 0
Kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2. 8
Curd 0. 6%	88	0. 6	1. 8	18. 0
Meat
Boiled chicken	170	7. 4	0. 0	25. 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1. 0	0. 0	25. 0
Boiled beef	254	16. 8	0. 0	25. 8
Beef stew	232	18. 3	0. 0	16. 8
Fish
Flounder	90	3. 0	0. 0	15. 7
Halibut	103	3. 0	0. 0	18. 9
Cod	69	0. 6	0. 0	16. 0
Seaweed	49	5. 1	0. 0	0. 8
drinks
Rosehip Juice	70	0. 0	17. 6	0. 1

Prohibited foods

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broth. It is also necessary to abstain from a hypoallergenic diet from fatty red meat varieties, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk, and most sausage varieties. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, mussels, shrimp). The same goes for all salty foods, pickles, canned foods. The ban also includes:

• Red currant;
• lemons, mangoes, grapes, grapefruit, pomegranate, bananas, oranges, tangerines;
• nuts, raisins;
• carrots, salad peppers, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• jam, sweets, ice cream, cakes;
• condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• vinegar, mayonnaise;
• lamb, smoked chicken, sausages, sausages, pork fat;
• semi-finished fish and canned food, mackerel, sardines, caviar;
• butter margarine, coconut and palm oils;
• white dessert and dry wines, vodka, cognac, beer, liqueur;
• cola, coffee, pepsi, sprite;
• cranberry.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help alleviate allergies while eating a hypoallergenic diet. Inside, you can record the foods or meals used for the diet and the reaction to them. Because of this, it will be possible to accurately identify allergens and exclude them from your menu. In addition, a diary makes it easier to keep track of how varied your diet is. This is important because scientists have found that it is likely to develop allergies to the same menu. In the diary, you can prescribe several options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then buy only the necessary ingredients.

For children

A hypoallergenic menu for a child is built according to the same principles as for adults. There is only one important difference - and long - term adherence to such a diet carries a high risk of protein, carbohydrate and micronutrients deficiency. This results in a delay in physical development. Table number 5 depending on the state of health is used for 7-10 days up front. The doctor then selects individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu options:

Diet menu option	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Viscous buckwheat porridge, cheese, apple, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed meat cutlet with stewed vegetables, compote.	Cooked meat with stewed potatoes, tea.
2	Oat flakes in water, dry biscuits.	Lean beef soup without carrots, corn salad, Chinese cabbage salad and cucumber.	Steam beef dumplings with boiled cauliflower, compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean veal, berry jelly.	Chicken stew with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children lasts 7-10 days, then adults can follow it longer - up to 2-3 weeks. There is really no difference in the menu in both cases, since the same list of anti-allergic products is used for its construction. Diet choices for the day for adults:

Menu Option	Breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Mashed buckwheat porridge, green tea with croutons, baked apple.	Steam chicken cutlets, vegetable soup, rosehip broth.	Vinaigrette, tea with diet cookies.
2	Semolina porridge on water, fresh low fat cottage cheese, apple juice with biscuit.	Meat cutlets, vegetable soup with wheat grits, tea with biscuits.	Pea puree, meat balls.
3	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir.	Veal quilts, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed cutlets, rosehip broth.

Hypoallergenic recipes

The basic principle for choosing recipes is that pre-made meals should have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. The stomach is considered to have sweet steam or boiling. Such methods of preparation help to reduce the allergenic activity of the ingredients used. It is also best to eat fruits and vegetables not raw, but stewed or baked.

At the start

Soups are mostly on the list of first hypoallergenic dishes. Potatoes are often used for cooking. It is recommended to pre-soak it in cold water. It takes a few hours to reduce the amount of starch in a vegetable. The soup stock should be second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid is drained 1-2 times. So the fat content of the finished soup will be much lower.

Vegetable soup with wheat grits

The peculiarity of this soup is in a special ingredient - celery. Dishes with it are often found in a variety of diets, including hypoallergenic ones. Cheese resembles carrots with parsley. Its leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery are shown not only for allergies, but for weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe, it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little spice to the dish.

Ingredients:

• onions - 0. 5-1 pcs;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat groats (bulgur) - 50 g;
• celery - 1 small root;
• water - 1. 5-1. 6 l;
• potato tubers - 3 pcs;
• dill or other greens - 1 branch;
• garlic cloves - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Boil water, dip the bulgur into it.
2. Next, cut the peeled potatoes and add them to the broth.
3. Peel the onion, chop finely, add the rest of the ingredients.
4. Rinse celery, dip in broth.
5. After boiling again, the heat decreased.
6. Simmer for 15-20 minutes under the lid.
7. Take out some of the potatoes, mash and return.
8. Rinse cabbage leaves, dry, chop and add almost ready soup.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and remove the celery.
10. Finely chop the greens and garlic cloves, season the soup with them.

Potato soup with noodles

This dish requires a minimum of food. The soup is suitable for both adults and children. Onions in the broth practically do not feel, since they are cooked. Because the vegetable is added at the beginning of cooking, the meat is very tasty. It is allowed to replace the chicken with lean beef, but this will add a little greasy soup, and it will take 30-60 minutes longer to cook it.

Ingredients:

• small onion - 1 pc;
• greens - to your own taste;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• premium vermicelli - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4–5 pcs. ;
• water - 4 l.

Cooking method:

1. Pour thoroughly washed meat with water, put the pan on the maximum heat.
2. Bring to a boil, drain the liquid.
3. Pour in the same amount of water again, boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this time, peel the onion from the pan, chop finely, add it to the broth.
5. Reduce heat to low, cook for 30-40 minutes until meat is ready, then take out, cut into pieces and return.
6. Cook vermicelli separately in slightly salted water. This is necessary to prevent the blanket from becoming cloudy due to sediment.
7. Peel, rinse, and chop the potatoes. Dip the slices into the broth, cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with boiled noodles.

Second

The main dishes are also vegetables or meat. There are mostly cutlets, dumplings, meatballs and steam meatballs. Meat can be mashed, goulash and even beef stroganoff or soufflé. In the recipe for the last dish, minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, yolk and whipped whites. Soufflé is already ideal for the phase when you start gradually introducing foods with a moderate level of allergenicity. Vegetables can be served as a side dish for meat, but are only stewed, cooked or baked, since frying increases the allergy of ingredients.

Cabbage puree soup and zucchini

The advantage of puree soup is a homogeneous soft consistency, because the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. In such recipes, not only meat, but vegetables are also used. Unusual combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pcs;
• onion head - 1 pc;
• celery - 5-7 stalks;
• parsley - 1-2 branches;
• broth of water or weak vegetables - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage;
• low fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide the cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini, then rinse the vegetables, including celery.
2. Cut the onion head into cubes. Do the same with zucchini, celery, cauliflower.
3. Place all the vegetables at the bottom of a saucepan and cover with water. Boil, simmer until the ingredients are soft.
4. Then cool, transfer to a blender bowl, beat until smooth.
5. Pour the mass back into the saucepan, add sour cream, simmer over low heat for a few minutes.
6. When serving, sprinkle with chopped herbs.

Steam dumplings

Knees are understood to be one of the types of dumplings - small balls prepared on the basis of minced meat from fish, poultry or other meat. The difference between the dumpling mass and the cutlet mass is that it is more abundant and tender. For this reason, dumplings are more suitable for children's hypoallergenic diets and diets. Steam is another feature of such a dish, and the meat retains more vitamins as a result. In addition, it is easier to dig out steam exhaust.

Ingredients:

• low-fat milk - 2 tbsp. ;
• egg whites - 2 pcs;
• beef pulp - 800 g;
• wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half the whole milk portion, leave for half an hour.
2. At this time, mince the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Press the bread, add the minced meat, grind everything through a sieve.
4. Mix the resulting mass well, add the egg yolks.
5. Pour the remaining milk.
6. Mold the minced meat into medium balls and place in a steaming dish. Cook for 15 minutes.

Dessert

While sweets are forbidden with a hypoallergenic diet, you can still diversify your menu with goodies. All you need to do is cook them properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are based on fruit, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that fermented milk products are not sour. An ordinary pear, cut into pieces or ground to a puree state, will add sweetness to them. Cottage cheese is the best base for casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of approved fruits. Baked apples are a popular dessert. They even combine with cottage cheese - it's delicious and healthy.

Cottage cheese casserole

Because eggs belong to the category of products with a high level of allergen activity, their use with a hypoallergenic diet is not recommended, especially for children. The casserole can be prepared without these ingredients. Semolina is also an easy substitute for flour, giving the dish a dense consistency. To add a sweet taste, any hypoallergenic fruit is allowed to be added to the curd. Sugar should be added after the end of a strict diet, i. e. after 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• pear - 3 pcs;
• low-fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• sugar - 1 tsp;
• semolina - 4 tbsp. l. ;
• kefir or yogurt with no additives - 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl, where add cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir, mix well.
2. Add cereals, sugar. Stir again.
3. Wash pears, peel, chop finely.
4. Add fruit to the curd mass, stir, transfer to a greased baking dish.
5. Send to the oven for half an hour. The optimum temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

This is the most popular diet and at the same time a hypoallergenic dessert. Since allergy sufferers are not advised to eat fresh fruits, they can be baked. It will turn out not only tasty, but also good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are baked not only in the oven, but also in the microwave, so the delicacy is prepared very quickly and easily. To make the dessert more useful, you can fill the fruit with cottage cheese. Only use recipes when honey needs to be placed inside the apple.

Ingredients:

• apple - 3 pcs;
• sour cream with a low percentage of fat - 2 tbsp. l. ;
• cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on top of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Rinse the apples, cut out the core, just so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a cup type is formed.
2. Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Place fruit on a baking sheet, bake for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.